Oliy Majlis and Lawmaking

Oliy Majlis: the legislative body: it is the supreme state representative body and exercises legislative power. It consists of two chambers: the Legislative Chamber (lower chamber) and the Senate (upper chamber). These rules are in Articles 91 and 92 of the 2023 Constitution.

Structure

Chamber	Composition
Legislative Chamber	150 deputies
Senate	65 members: 56 are elected, 9 are appointed by the President

The Legislative Chamber has 150 deputies, and the Senate has 65 members.

• Senators are elected in equal numbers, four each, from the Republic of Karakalpakstan, each region and the city of Tashkent, 56 in total. Remember: 56 elected + 9 by the President.
• Term of office: 5 years.
• Heads of the chambers: the Speaker of the Legislative Chamber and the Chairman of the Senate.

Procedure for adopting laws

The right of legislative initiative belongs to the President, the Republic of Karakalpakstan (through the Jokargy Kenes), the deputies of the Legislative Chamber and the Cabinet of Ministers. The Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the Prosecutor General also have this right on matters within their competence (Article 98). A bill is submitted to the Legislative Chamber.

1. The bill is submitted to the Legislative Chamber
2. The Legislative Chamber adopts it
3. The Senate approves it within 60 days
4. The President signs and promulgates it within 60 days

• In short: the Chamber adopts, the Senate approves, then the President signs (Article 99).
• A law rejected by the Senate is returned to the Legislative Chamber. If the Chamber approves it again by a vote of two thirds of the deputies, the law is sent to the President.
• To resolve disagreements, the chambers may form a conciliation commission on an equal basis.
• The President signs, not the Senate.

Powers

The joint powers of the chambers (Article 93) include adopting the Constitution and amending it, adopting laws, adopting the State Budget on the submission of the Cabinet of Ministers, and deciding to hold a referendum.