Finance, Taxes, and Consumer Rights

Public finance is formed through taxes and the budget. Consumer rights are protected by law.

Taxes and the Budget

• Tax: a mandatory payment to the state budget.
• The new edition of the Tax Code was approved by Law No. O'RQ-599 of 30 December 2019 and has been in effect since 1 January 2020.

Type of tax	Examples
Direct	income tax, profit tax, property tax, land tax
Indirect	value added tax (VAT), excise tax

• Direct taxes: income, profit, property, and land taxes.
• Indirect taxes: VAT and excise.
• VAT is an indirect tax, not a direct one.
• State budget: the plan of state revenues and expenditures.
• National currency: the soum. The Central Bank conducts monetary policy.

Consumer Rights

A consumer has the following rights (Articles 4 and 13 of the law):

• to obtain safe and high-quality goods;
• to receive full information about a product;
• to have low-quality goods replaced or returned, and to be compensated for damage.

The right to replacement or return is granted to a consumer who has purchased low-quality goods. The Law "On the Protection of Consumer Rights" was adopted on 26 April 1996 and is in force with amendments. To protect a violated right, a consumer can apply to a court or to other authorized state bodies (Article 4).