Present zamonlar (Present Perfect)

Present Perfect o'tmishda boshlangan va hozirga aloqador harakatni yoki hozirgi natijani bildiradi. Shakli: have/has + V3.

Qo'llanishi

• Hozirgi natija: I have lost my keys (hozir kirolmayman).
• Hayotiy tajriba: Have you ever been to London?
• Davom etayotgan holat: She has lived here since 2020.

already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, recently ham shu zamon belgisi. He has just left. I haven't seen it yet. Have you ever tried sushi?

Farqlar

Aniq o'tgan vaqt: Past Simple, Present Perfect emas. "I have seen him yesterday" xato, to'g'risi I saw him yesterday.

for + davr, since + boshlanish nuqtasi: for 5 years, since 2020.

Gap	Ma'nosi
She has been to Rome.	Rimda bo'lgan, hozir qaytgan
She has gone to Rome.	Rimga ketgan, hali qaytmagan

have been to / have gone to farqi. Where is Tom? He has gone to the shop (hozir do'konda).

1. Vaqt aniq aytilganmi (yesterday, 2019)?
2. Ha: Past Simple
3. Yo'q, natija hozirga aloqador: Present Perfect
4. Davom etayotgan holat: for yoki since qo'shiladi

Inkor: She hasn't finished. So'roq: Has he arrived? Qisqa javob: Yes, he has.

Hali tugamagan vaqt (this week, today) bilan Present Perfect ishlatiladi: I have read two books this week.