So'z yasalishi (Word formation)

So'zga old qo'shimcha (prefiks) yoki so'ng qo'shimcha (suffiks) qo'shib yangi so'z hosil qilinadi. Bo'sh joydan oldingi va keyingi so'zlarga qarab, qaysi so'z turkumi kerakligini aniqlang.

Suffikslar

Hosil qiladi	Suffikslar	Misol
Ot	-tion, -ment, -ness, -ity, -er/-or, -ist, -ship, -ence/-ance	decide, decision
Sifat	-ful, -less, -able/-ible, -ous, -ive, -al, -ic, -y	care, careful
Fe'l	-ize/-ise, -en, -ify	wide, widen
Ravish	-ly	quick, quickly

Avval kerakli so'z turkumini aniqlang. Sifat ot oldidan keladi (a careful person), ot artikl yoki sifatdan keyin keladi (the opening of), ravish fe'lni aniqlaydi (drive carefully).

-ful: bor, -less: yo'q. Careful (ehtiyotkor) va careless (beparvo) bir ildizdan, ma'nosi qarama-qarshi.

Prefikslar

Inkor: un-, in-/im-/il-/ir-, dis-, non-: possible, impossible; happy, unhappy; agree, disagree.

Boshqa prefikslar: re- (qayta: rewrite), mis- (noto'g'ri: misunderstand), over- (ortiqcha: overwork).

Prefiks tanlash so'zga bog'liq va ko'pincha yodlanadi. Qoida: im- b, m, p dan oldin (impossible), il- l dan oldin (illegal), ir- r dan oldin (irregular).

1. Bo'sh joydan oldingi so'zga qarang
2. Kerakli turkumni aniqlang (ot, sifat, ravish, fe'l)
3. Mos suffiks yoki prefiksni tanlang
4. Gapga qo'yib ma'noni tekshiring

unpossible: bunday so'z yo'q. To'g'risi faqat impossible.

-ly ko'pincha ravish yasaydi: quick, quickly. Lekin friendly, lovely sifat.